Our project B04 (Privacy Libraries for Developers and Operators) has developed four concrete artifacts, each preliminarily evaluated through empirical research.

SecureMind → to the app

A learning app for IT security fundamentals with gamification elements and short, accessible learning units. Available for iOS and Android.

In a 20-day study with 486 participants, 157 of 159 completed post-tests showed improvements over the pre-test. Positive effects were particularly pronounced with daily app use. Based on these results, a follow-up study with two variants is currently in preparation — one for private users and one for professional contexts.

Privacy Range → to the training environment

A fictional online shop with real technical and organisational privacy flaws (e.g., hidden data flows to third parties), designed as an interactive training environment. The goal: independently identify privacy gaps and thereby apply theoretical knowledge in practice, inspired by the concept of cybersecurity ranges.

A qualitative think-aloud study with IT students who had recently completed a GDPR course has been conducted, and a publication has been submitted.

Key finding: Obstacles to GDPR compliance auditing arise less from a lack of conceptual knowledge than from difficulties in procedural application. Participants had the relevant concepts but lacked a systematic approach to verification. They tended to trust interface claims rather than verifying system behaviour, and prior experience with other websites normalised non-compliant patterns rather than making them visible. The Privacy Range was perceived less as a knowledge transfer tool and more as a diagnostic instrument — one that reveals competence gaps and shows where theoretical knowledge has not yet translated into practical application.

ForDaySec Game Cards → to the digital version

A standard deck of 52 playing cards conveying IT security and privacy knowledge in an accessible format, designed as a discussion tool for workshops and other collaborative activities. Developed for software developers, operators, and self-hosters, e.g. in clubs and NGOs.

Initial pilot tests show promising results for facilitating discussion and reflection. A workshop study with IT professionals is in preparation.

GDPR-Ops Library → to the library

From data subject rights to backups: step-by-step guidance for the secure and GDPR-compliant operation of common self-hosted software, published under an open-source licence for community contributions. The foundation is a criteria catalogue developed within the project, comprising 23 review questions across seven categories.

Finding from development: Responsibility for privacy-compliant configuration lies with operators, not with open-source projects. Even privacy-aware IT professionals struggle with compliant setup, as application-specific, understandable information is often absent or scattered across many sources.

About the project

Subproject B04 addresses the gap between GDPR requirements and practical support for people who develop and operate software. In particular, operators in clubs, NGOs (“self-hosters”), and SMEs often lack the knowledge and resources to operate software in a privacy-compliant manner. New research findings during the project showed that the operator perspective — in contrast to the developer perspective — has been largely neglected in prior research and should be systematically included.

The subproject was part of the Bavarian Research Network ForDaySec (2022–2026). Principal investigator: Prof. Dr. Dominik Herrmann, Chair of Privacy and Security in Information Systems, University of Bamberg.

Contact

Prof. Dr. Dominik Herrmann
Chair Privacy and Security in Information Systems
University of Bamberg, 96045 Bamberg
Chair Privacy and Security in Information Systems
University of Bamberg
96045 Bamberg

dh.psi@uni-bamberg.de | +49 951 863-2661
uni-mal-anders.de | LinkedIn

Prof. Dr. Dominik Herrmann
Chair Privacy and Security in Information Systems,
University of Bamberg, 96045 Bamberg

dh.psi@uni-bamberg.de
+49 951 863-2661
uni-mal-anders.de | LinkedIn

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